Nursing is Inquiry in Practice:
Nursing Theories and Theorists II:
Emancipatory Theories
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Overview
“Watson’s model represents phenomenologic, existential, and spiritual orientations, blended with Eastern philosophy. The model developed from her conception of “transpersonal caring” as a moral ideal of nursing with a concern for preservation of humanity, dignity, and freedom of self. Watson wants nursing to concern itself more
with meaning, relationships, context, and patterns.”
(Leddy & Pepper, 1998, p. 182).
“The new paradigm is relational. The professional enters into a partnership with the client with the mutual goal of participating in an authentic relationship, trusting that in the process of its evolving, both will grow and become healthier in the sense of higher levels of consciousness.”
(Newman, 1986, p. 74).
“Parse says that “the way of living the belief system is through true presence which
is a non- routinized, unconditional loving way of being within which the nurse
witnesses the blossoming of others.” Practicing within this model, the nurse would provide an empathetic sounding board for clients and families to express and therefore uncover the meaning of thoughts and feelings, values, and changing views.”
(Leddy & Pepper, 1998, p. 190).
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All three of these contemporary theorists (Watson, Newman and Leddy), plus Hildegard Peplau’s and Martha Roger’s work reflect nursing theories and models categorized as “Change as Growth Paradigm” theories. They build on complexity theory as a framework, that assumes that there is an external reality around all beings, that is changing constantly. Within this world view, change and growth are continual and desirable, with an emphasis on the realization of one’s potential. These models also emphasize the complexity of the multidimensional human being within an equally complex and multifaceted environment.
Ends In View
This learning activity is intended to provide learners with the opportunity to:
1. Understand the premises of the emancipatory nursing theories based on Caring and Complexity nursing models (Watson, Newman, Parse, Peplau, Rogers, Leddy).
2. Recognize the significance of context and perception in the formulation of each nursing theory.
3. Begin to classify and analyse emancipatory nursing theories for theoretical soundness.
4. Discuss the nursing roles and responsibilities suggested by each of the emancipatory nursing theories analysed.
In Preparation
1. READ: the theory description of Watson’s Theory of Human Caring
2. Jean Watson has worked closely with the artist, Alex Grey for several years now.
VIEW Alex’s work on-line at: Sacred Mirrors: The Visionary Art of Alex Grey.
3.READ: Fawcett, J. (2002). The Nurse Theorists: 21st-Century Updates – Jean Watson. Nursing Science Quarterly, 15(4), July, 214 - 219.
4.READ: Fawcett, J. (2001). The Nurse Theorists: 21st-Century Updates – Rosemary Parse. Nursing Science Quarterly, 14(2), April, 126 – 131.
5.READ: Fawcett, J. (2001). The Nurse Theorists: 21st-Century Updates – Martha E. Rogers. Nursing Science Quarterly, 16(1), January, 55 – 51.
6.REVISIT: the Nursing Theorists Website by Judy Norris (University of San Diego)
Notice the similarities and the differences of the various Nursing Theories.
Pay particular attention to the more traditional theorists, such as
- Jean Watson
- Margaret Newman
- Rosemarie Parse
- Hildegard Peplau
- Martha Rogers
- Susan Leddy
In Practice
1. Create a concept map with a partner to illustrate the main tenets and dynamics of the theories and models of Watson, Parse, Peplau, Rogers, Newman and Leddy. Share these with your peers in discussion.
2. Participate in class discussion on the relevance of Alex Grey’s art to Jean Watson’s model for Nursing. What world-view of the human race is reflected in Grey’s work? How does this relate to routine nursing practice?
3. With a partner create a table to contrast the Emancipatory theories of Nursing with the Traditional ones discussed in Learning Activity #6. Share your insights with the class.
4. What are the common elements between Watson, Peplau, Rogers, Parse, Leddy and Newman’s theories? What are the differences?
In Reflection
1. What are the roles of innovation and change in the determination of health?
2. Does nursing foster “becoming” or “being” in clients, both future and present?
3. How does one maintain balance and stability amidst complex change and growth?
References
Fawcett, J. (2002). The Nurse Theorists: 21st-Century Updates – Jean Watson. Nursing Science Quarterly, 15(4), July, 214 - 219.
Fawcett, J. (2001). The Nurse Theorists: 21st-Century Updates – Jean Watson. Nursing Science Quarterly, 14(2), April, 126 – 131.
Fawcett, J. (2003). The Nurse Theorists: 21st-Century Updates – Martha E. Rogers. Nursing Science Quarterly, 16(1), January, 55 – 51.
Grey, Alex. (1998). Sacred Mirrors: The Visionary Art of Alex Grey.
Leddy, S. & Pepper, J. M. (1998). Nursing Models and Theories. Conceptual Bases of Professional Nursing, 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott
Newman, M. (1986). Health as expanding consciousness. 2nd ed. St. Louis: Mosby.
Norris, J. Nursing Theorists Website
Watson, J. Watson’s Theory of Human Caring
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Welcome to NRSG 3225!
Handout
Theory Tree
Jean Watson
Parse: Human Becoming - Ontology
Parse: Human Becoming - Practice
Martha Rogers
Margaret Newman
Hildegard Peplau
STUDENT PROJECTS
A presentation of the Nursing Inquiry web-site projects done by students in this course. View....
ARCHIVE
WEB MANUAL
The course Web design manual can be accessed from this page.
ASSIGNMENTS
You are encouraged to begin to think about the type of Nursing Inquiry focus you wish to address as the context for your major assignments in this course. We will build up to this practical application of the content early in the course. Try to make it a meaningful focus that you can actually use in your current or future practice.
SYLLABUS
PDF version of the Spring 2006 Course Materials.
Downloading Files
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