Risk Factors

Researchers believe that many factors play a role in the cause of Parkinson's disease, however the origin of this disease remains unknown. Parkinson's disease affects both men and women in almost equal numbers and it does not show social, ethnic, economic or geographic boundaries. There is no conclusive evidence that Parkinson's is a hereditary condition that can be passed on within families apart from in exceptionally rare cases (up to 5%). However, it is thought that although Parkinson's is not directly inherited, some people may inherit a genetic susceptibility to develop Parkinson's. This means people with this genetic susceptibility may be more likely to develop Parkinson's when combined with other factors such as environmental toxins or viruses. Further research is needed to understand which factors are involved in the formation, survival and death of dopamine-producing neurons.

Genetic Factors

Scientists have, to date, identified nine genes linked to Parkinson's, of which the parkin gene is most commonly associated with the familial form of Parkinson's. Abnormalities in this gene are particularly prevalent with young-onset Parkinson's disease.

Environmental Factors
Studies have shown there is evidence that environmental factors (toxins) may cause dopamine-producing neurons to die, leading to the development of Parkinson's. There may also be a link between use of herbicides and pesticides and the development of Parkinson's. Several toxins used in these have been shown to inhibit dopamine production, promote free radical damage, and cause Parkinson's-like symptoms.