2nd Impact Syndrome
Second-impact syndrome (SIS) occurs when someone with a concussion receives a second head injury or concussion before the signs and symptoms of the first concussion have fully cleared. It is believed that the second blow to the head can cause hematomas, hemorrhaging, and increased intracranial pressure (swelling of the brain). The effects of the swelling causes pressure on the ocular nerves, causing loss of eyemovement and dilation of pupils, as well as pressure on the brainstem, causing decreased and possible cessation of breathing leading to death.
Onset of SIS is estremely rapid from a couple of seconds to 15 minutes. The person might appear to be dazed for a moment then suddenly collapse. 911 must be called immediately since SIS can be fatal in some cases if emergency medical attention is not sought.
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Helmets
- Should be Canadian Standards Association (CSA) approved
- Should be properly fitted to sit just above eye brows
- Chin strap should be snug around chin with enough room to allow only one finger between the strap and the chin
- Regularly check for any cracks
- Inner padding should be changed every 1-2 years
- A new helmet should be purchased every 1-2 years if used on a regular basis
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Mouth Guards
- Have been proven to reduce dental injuries
- Should not be altered in any way (cutting it to make it fit)
- Should not restrict breathing
- Should not restrict speech
- Should cover all of the teeth not just the front teeth
- Boil and bite models are better than store-stock models
- Check with your dentist for custom made models
- Proper cleaning after each use will prolong the life of the mouth guard
- Regularly check for any holes or tears
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