Primary “Transmission is influenced by human behaviour, and certain sexual behaviours increase the risk of infection. There is an urgent need for social science research on these behaviours.”(Latham, 1996) Ways to help: - Education & Translation - Resources to rural communities - Treatment of STI's - Circumcision - Social science research Secondary “More widespread and vigorous treatment and prevention of sexually-transmitted diseases, including syphilis, chancroid, gonorrhoea and others, will help reduce the spread of AIDS.” (Latham, 1996) Ways to help: - Retro-antivirals - Self care - Nutrition - Hygiene - Acceptance and accountability Tertiary “Because HIV/AIDS is a disease of shame, some families do not want to have anything to do with the patient once they learn that a loved one is HIV-positive.” (Moore & Williamson, 2003) Ways to help: - Treat symptoms - Reduce opportunistic infections - Pain management - Family support and counseling - Financial support